Peroxisomes

Definition

Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes to break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances. They play a crucial role in cellular metabolism and the maintenance of cellular health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peroxisomes contain enzymes like catalase that break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
2. They are involved in lipid metabolism, including the beta-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids.
3. Peroxisomes help detoxify alcohols and other harmful compounds in the liver and kidney cells.
4. They replicate by growing larger and then dividing, a process called fission.
5. Peroxisomal disorders can lead to severe metabolic diseases due to enzyme deficiencies.

Review Questions

• What primary function do peroxisomes serve in eukaryotic cells?
• Name one key enzyme found in peroxisomes and its function.
• How do peroxisomes replicate within the cell?

Related terms

Eukaryotic Cells:

Cells that have a true nucleus enclosed by a membrane, along with other specialized organelles.

Catalase: An enzyme found in peroxisomes that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Lysosomes: Membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes that digest particles and degrade worn-out cell components.