Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Definition

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. It connects the central nervous system (CNS) to limbs and organs, facilitating communication throughout the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
2. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements such as walking or picking up objects.
3. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.
4. Nerves in the PNS are classified into cranial nerves (which emerge from the brain) and spinal nerves (which emerge from the spinal cord).
5. Damage to peripheral nerves can result in sensory deficits, motor function loss, or organ dysfunction.

Review Questions

• What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
• How does the somatic nervous system differ from the autonomic nervous system?
• What could be some consequences of damage to peripheral nerves?

Related terms

Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprising the brain and spinal cord, it is responsible for processing information and sending out instructions.

Somatic Nervous System:

A part of the PNS that controls voluntary muscle movements.

Autonomic Nervous System: A part of the PNS that regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate and digestion.