Mitochondria

Definition

Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells, responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration. They are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell due to their role in ATP production.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mitochondria have their own DNA, which is separate from the nuclear DNA.
2. They produce ATP through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Mitochondria have a double membrane with an inner and outer layer.
4. The inner membrane folds into structures known as cristae to increase surface area for ATP production.
5. Mitochondria are involved in other processes such as apoptosis (programmed cell death) and calcium storage.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of mitochondria within a eukaryotic cell?
• Why do mitochondria have their own DNA, and how does it differ from nuclear DNA?
• What structural feature of mitochondria increases their efficiency in ATP production?

Related terms

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in all living organisms.

Cellular Respiration: The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Cristae: Folded structures within the inner membrane of mitochondria that increase surface area for ATP production.