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Gymnosperms

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Biology for Non-STEM Majors

Definition

Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that have unenclosed seeds, typically on cones. They are one of the major groups of vascular plants alongside angiosperms (flowering plants).

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes.
  2. They do not produce flowers or fruits; their seeds develop on the surface of scales or leaves.
  3. The most well-known gymnosperms are conifers such as pines, spruces, and firs.
  4. They were the dominant plant life during the Mesozoic era before angiosperms became more prevalent.
  5. Gymnosperms have needle-like or scale-like leaves which help reduce water loss.

Review Questions

  • What distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?
  • Name two examples of gymnosperm species.
  • During which geological era were gymnosperms the dominant plant form?
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