Follicle-stimulating hormone

Definition

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in human reproduction. It is essential for the development of ovarian follicles in females and the stimulation of spermatogenesis in males, coordinating various reproductive processes. FSH works closely with other hormones like luteinizing hormone to regulate reproductive functions and maintain fertility.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. FSH levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, peaking just before ovulation to trigger the final maturation of ovarian follicles.
2. In males, FSH stimulates Sertoli cells in the testes, which support sperm cell development and regulate sperm production.
3. Disruptions in FSH production can lead to fertility issues in both men and women, highlighting its critical role in reproductive health.
4. FSH is often used clinically to treat infertility, as its administration can promote ovarian follicle development in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies.
5. FSH levels can be measured through blood tests, providing insight into various reproductive health conditions and helping diagnose hormonal imbalances.

Review Questions

• How does follicle-stimulating hormone function differently in males compared to females?
  • In females, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) primarily promotes the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles during the menstrual cycle. It triggers the production of estrogen as follicles develop. In males, FSH acts on Sertoli cells in the testes to support spermatogenesis, which is the process of sperm cell development. Thus, while FSH is vital for reproduction in both sexes, its specific roles differ based on gender-related physiology.
• Discuss the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone levels.
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), produced by the hypothalamus, plays a pivotal role in regulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. When GnRH is released into the bloodstream, it stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and luteinizing hormone. The secretion of GnRH is pulsatile, meaning its release occurs in bursts, which helps maintain appropriate levels of FSH necessary for normal reproductive function. This interaction between GnRH and FSH illustrates a critical feedback mechanism essential for fertility.
• Evaluate how abnormal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone can affect human fertility and what treatments are available for such conditions.
  • Abnormal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) can lead to significant fertility issues, impacting both men and women. In women, low FSH may prevent adequate ovarian follicle development, leading to irregular or absent ovulation, while high levels may indicate diminished ovarian reserve or menopause. In men, abnormal FSH levels can result in insufficient sperm production. Treatments vary based on underlying causes; for women, fertility medications containing FSH can stimulate ovulation, whereas men may require hormonal therapies or assisted reproductive techniques. Understanding these hormonal balances is crucial for effective intervention strategies.

Related terms

Luteinizing Hormone: A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that works alongside FSH to regulate reproductive functions, including ovulation in females and testosterone production in males.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: A hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of both FSH and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary.

Ovarian Follicles: Structures within the ovaries that contain immature eggs; FSH is vital for their development and maturation during the menstrual cycle.