Fibronectin

Definition

Fibronectin is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that plays a critical role in cell adhesion, growth, migration, and differentiation. It connects cells to the surrounding matrix and influences various biological processes, such as wound healing and embryonic development, highlighting its importance in maintaining tissue integrity and function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fibronectin exists in two forms: soluble fibronectin found in plasma and insoluble fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
2. It consists of multiple domains that allow for binding with various proteins, including collagen and proteoglycans.
3. Fibronectin is involved in critical processes such as wound healing, where it helps in the repair and regeneration of tissues.
4. The expression of fibronectin can be altered in various diseases, including cancer, where it may contribute to tumor progression and metastasis.
5. Fibronectin's role in cell migration is particularly important during embryonic development, influencing how cells move and organize into tissues.

Review Questions

• How does fibronectin contribute to cell adhesion and migration within the extracellular matrix?
  • Fibronectin facilitates cell adhesion by acting as a bridge between cells and the extracellular matrix. It binds to integrins on the cell surface, allowing cells to attach securely to the matrix. This connection is crucial for cell migration, as it provides the necessary traction for cells to move during processes like wound healing and tissue development.
• Discuss the implications of altered fibronectin expression in disease contexts, particularly in cancer.
  • Altered expression of fibronectin can significantly impact disease progression, especially in cancer. Elevated levels of fibronectin can enhance tumor cell migration and invasion, contributing to metastasis. Additionally, changes in fibronectin expression can affect the tumor microenvironment, influencing how cancer cells interact with surrounding tissues and evade immune responses.
• Evaluate the role of fibronectin in embryonic development and its potential therapeutic applications based on this role.
  • During embryonic development, fibronectin plays a vital role in cell migration and tissue organization. Its ability to influence how cells adhere and move allows for proper formation of organs and structures. Understanding this role opens up potential therapeutic applications, such as using fibronectin-based biomaterials for tissue engineering or regenerative medicine to enhance healing processes or restore damaged tissues.

Related terms

extracellular matrix:

A network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

integrins: Transmembrane proteins that facilitate cell-ECM adhesion by binding to fibronectin and other extracellular matrix components.

laminin: Another glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix, crucial for the maintenance of tissue structure and promoting cell adhesion.