Ferns

Definition

Ferns are a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds. They have complex leaves called fronds and thrive in moist, shaded environments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ferns have a life cycle that includes both a sporophyte (diploid) and a gametophyte (haploid) stage.
2. Ferns do not produce flowers or seeds; instead, they reproduce through spores typically found on the underside of their fronds.
3. They possess vascular tissues (xylem and phloem), which help transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
4. Ferns are considered to be one of the oldest groups of plants, with fossil records dating back to over 360 million years.
5. The majority of fern species prefer humid and shaded environments, often found in forests.

Review Questions

• How do ferns reproduce if they do not produce seeds?
• What is the significance of vascular tissue in ferns?
• Describe the two stages of the fern life cycle.

Related terms

Bryophytes:

Non-vascular plants like mosses that also reproduce via spores but lack true roots, stems, or leaves.

Fronds: The large, divided leaves characteristic of ferns.

Sporangia: Structures on the undersides of fern fronds where spores are produced.