Diploid

Definition

Diploid refers to a cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. In humans and many other organisms, somatic cells are diploid.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes, totaling 46 in humans.
2. The diploid number is represented as 2n, where n stands for the number of distinct chromosomes.
3. During sexual reproduction, diploid organisms produce haploid gametes (sperm and egg) through meiosis.
4. Fertilization restores the diploid number when two haploid gametes merge to form a zygote.
5. Most animal and plant species have a life cycle that includes both diploid and haploid stages.

Review Questions

• What does it mean for a cell to be diploid?
• How many sets of chromosomes do human diploid cells contain?
• What process reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid in gametes?

Related terms

Haploid: A cell or organism with only one set of chromosomes.

Meiosis: A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.

Zygote: The initial cell formed when two gamete cells are joined by means of sexual reproduction.