Corpus callosum

Definition

The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, enabling communication between them. It plays a critical role in integrating motor, sensory, and cognitive functions between the two sides of the brain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure in the human brain.
2. It facilitates interhemispheric communication, allowing for coordinated actions and unified perception.
3. Damage to the corpus callosum can result in split-brain syndrome, where each hemisphere operates independently.
4. Corpus callosum development continues into early adulthood, which affects its role in cognitive processes.
5. Certain neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and agenesis of the corpus callosum, directly impact its function.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?
• How does damage to the corpus callosum affect brain function?
• In what way does the corpus callosum contribute to coordinated actions?

Related terms

Cerebral Cortex: The outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum responsible for higher brain functions like thought and action.

Hemispheres: The two halves of the brain (left and right) that control different functions and activities.

White Matter: Part of the central nervous system composed mainly of myelinated nerve fibers responsible for transmitting signals within the brain.