Conjugation

Definition

Conjugation is a process where genetic material is transferred between prokaryotic cells through direct cell-to-cell contact. It is a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and some protists, contributing to genetic diversity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Conjugation involves the transfer of plasmids, which are small DNA molecules separate from chromosomal DNA.
2. The process typically requires a pilus, a tube-like structure that connects donor and recipient cells.
3. Conjugation can result in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial populations.
4. F+ (fertility factor) cells donate genetic material to F- (non-fertility factor) cells during conjugation.
5. Conjugation differs from other forms of genetic transfer such as transformation and transduction by requiring direct contact between cells.

Review Questions

• What structure is essential for conjugation to occur?
• How does conjugation contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations?
• What distinguishes F+ cells from F- cells in the process of conjugation?

Related terms

Transformation: A form of horizontal gene transfer where bacteria take up free DNA from their environment.

Transduction: A method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria mediated by bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria.

Plasmid: A small, circular piece of DNA that replicates independently of the bacterial chromosome and often carries beneficial genes like antibiotic resistance.