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Chloroplasts

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Biology for Non-STEM Majors

Definition

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. They convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose through the process of photosynthesis.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Chloroplasts contain their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA of the cell.
  2. They have a double membrane structure, with an inner and outer membrane.
  3. The internal fluid-filled space of the chloroplast is called the stroma, which contains enzymes for the Calvin cycle.
  4. Thylakoids within chloroplasts are stacked into structures called grana where light-dependent reactions occur.
  5. Chlorophyll, the green pigment essential for capturing light energy, is located within the thylakoid membranes.

Review Questions

  • What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?
  • Where is chlorophyll located within the chloroplast?
  • What is the significance of chloroplasts having their own DNA?
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