Chitin

Definition

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose. It is a primary component in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chitin provides structural support and protection to organisms like insects, spiders, and crustaceans.
2. Unlike cellulose, chitin contains nitrogen, which contributes to its rigidity.
3. Chitin can be found in the cuticles of nematodes as well as in the scales of fish and amphibians.
4. It is biodegradable and has applications in biomedicine, including wound dressings and drug delivery systems.
5. Enzymes that break down chitin are called chitinases, which are produced by certain bacteria and fungi.

Review Questions

• What biological function does chitin serve in arthropods?
• How does chitin differ from cellulose chemically?
• In what other organisms besides arthropods is chitin found?

Related terms

Cellulose:

A complex carbohydrate that forms the primary structural component of plant cell walls.

Exoskeleton:

A rigid external covering that supports and protects the bodies of certain animals.

Nematodes:

A phylum of worms commonly known as roundworms, many species of which have cuticles containing chitin.