Cervical vertebrae

Definition

Cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae in the neck region of the spine, designated C1 to C7, that support the skull, allow for head movement, and protect the spinal cord. These vertebrae are unique in their structure, featuring smaller bodies compared to other vertebrae, along with transverse foramina that allow for the passage of blood vessels to the brain. Their design enables a wide range of motion and flexibility while providing essential support for the head.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cervical vertebrae are numbered from C1 to C7, with C1 being the Atlas and C2 being the Axis.
2. The unique shape of cervical vertebrae allows for greater mobility compared to thoracic or lumbar vertebrae.
3. Each cervical vertebra has a transverse foramen, which is not present in other types of vertebrae, allowing blood vessels to reach the brain.
4. Cervical vertebrae provide attachment points for neck muscles and ligaments that support head movement.
5. Injuries to cervical vertebrae can lead to serious consequences, including paralysis or loss of sensation due to damage to the spinal cord.

Review Questions

• What is the structural significance of the cervical vertebrae in relation to head movement?
  • The cervical vertebrae are specifically designed to facilitate a wide range of head movements due to their smaller size and unique features such as transverse foramina. The first two cervical vertebrae, Atlas and Axis, play a crucial role in allowing nodding and rotational movements of the head. This specialized structure enables flexibility while maintaining stability for the skull.
• How do the Atlas and Axis differ from other cervical vertebrae, and what are their specific functions?
  • The Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2) are distinct from the other cervical vertebrae due to their unique shapes and functions. The Atlas supports the skull and allows for nodding motion, while the Axis features an odontoid process (dens) that permits rotation of the head. These adaptations enable specialized movements that are essential for head positioning and orientation.
• Evaluate the potential consequences of a cervical vertebra injury and how it affects overall bodily function.
  • Injuries to cervical vertebrae can lead to severe outcomes, including paralysis or loss of sensation due to possible damage to the spinal cord. Such injuries disrupt nerve signal transmission between the brain and body, impacting not only movement but also sensory perception and autonomic functions. The level of injury determines the extent of impairment, potentially affecting various body regions depending on which nerves are affected.

Related terms

Atlas: The first cervical vertebra (C1) that supports the skull and allows for nodding motion.

Axis: The second cervical vertebra (C2) characterized by its odontoid process, which enables rotation of the head.

Spinal cord: A cylindrical structure within the vertebral column that transmits nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body.