Central nervous system (CNS)

Definition

The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. It processes and transmits information throughout the body, controlling most functions of the mind and body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The CNS is protected by the skull and vertebral column.
2. Neurons are the primary cells responsible for transmitting signals within the CNS.
3. The CNS integrates sensory information and coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses.
4. Diseases affecting the CNS include multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
5. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) protects the CNS from harmful substances in the bloodstream.

Review Questions

• What are the main components of the Central Nervous System?
• How does the CNS protect itself from physical damage?
• Name two diseases that affect the Central Nervous System.

Related terms

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes all neural elements outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Neuron: A nerve cell that transmits electrical signals in the nervous system.

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB): A selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in blood.