Aneuploid describes a cell or organism that has an abnormal number of chromosomes, which deviates from the typical diploid number. This can result in various genetic disorders and abnormalities.
Diploid: Refers to a cell or organism with two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Nondisjunction: The failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal distribution of chromosomes.
Karyotype: The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities like aneuploidy.