Allopatric speciation
Definition
Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is geographically separated into two groups that evolve independently. Over time, genetic differences accumulate, leading to the formation of distinct species.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Geographic isolation is the primary driver of allopatric speciation.
- Allopatric speciation can result from natural barriers such as mountains, rivers, or human activities like urban development.
- Over time, isolated populations undergo genetic divergence due to mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.
- Reproductive isolation eventually develops between the separated populations, preventing interbreeding if they come into contact again.
- Examples include Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands, which evolved from a common ancestor into multiple species due to geographic separation.
Review Questions
- What role does geographic isolation play in allopatric speciation?
- How do genetic differences accumulate in isolated populations during allopatric speciation?
- Can you provide an example of a species that has undergone allopatric speciation?
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Related terms
Sympatric Speciation: Speciation occurring within a shared habitat without geographic separation.
Reproductive Isolation: Mechanisms that prevent different species from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Genetic Drift: Random changes in allele frequencies in a population, often having significant effects in small populations.
