Peering

Definition

Peering is the process where two Internet service providers (ISPs) connect and exchange traffic directly without charging each other. This practice is essential for the efficiency and performance of the Internet, as it allows ISPs to share data and routes, reducing latency and improving connectivity for users. Peering arrangements can be established through private connections or at Internet exchange points, contributing to the overall structure and functioning of global networking.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peering can be classified into two main types: settlement-free peering, where no money changes hands, and paid peering, which involves financial compensation for one party's services.
2. Establishing peering relationships can lead to lower latency for users because traffic does not have to travel through multiple intermediaries.
3. ISPs typically engage in peering to improve their network efficiency and reduce costs associated with transit agreements.
4. Peering is crucial for content delivery networks (CDNs) as it helps distribute content more effectively by connecting directly with multiple ISPs.
5. The balance of traffic exchanged between peers can affect the sustainability of the peering relationship, with ISPs often monitoring traffic flows to ensure fairness.

Review Questions

• How does peering impact the overall performance and reliability of Internet connectivity for end-users?
  • Peering significantly enhances Internet performance by enabling ISPs to exchange traffic directly. This direct connection reduces latency since data does not have to traverse multiple networks, leading to quicker response times for end-users. By establishing peering agreements, ISPs can optimize their routes, providing a more efficient and reliable service that improves user experience across the network.
• Compare and contrast peering with transit agreements in terms of cost and operational efficiency for ISPs.
  • Peering differs from transit agreements primarily in cost structure and operational efficiency. Peering is usually a settlement-free arrangement where ISPs exchange traffic directly, thereby avoiding fees associated with transit agreements. In contrast, transit agreements require one ISP to pay another for carrying their traffic, which can lead to higher costs. However, while peering can enhance operational efficiency by reducing latency and costs, transit agreements provide broader reach across the Internet for ISPs with less direct connectivity.
• Evaluate the strategic importance of peering for large content providers and how it affects their relationship with ISPs.
  • For large content providers, peering is strategically important as it allows them to deliver content more efficiently and with reduced latency directly to users. By connecting to multiple ISPs through peering, they can enhance the speed and reliability of their services. This increased performance not only benefits users but also strengthens relationships with ISPs by providing mutual advantages; ISPs gain from the increased traffic generated by popular content, while content providers ensure better delivery of their services without incurring high transit costs.

Related terms

Internet Exchange Point (IXP):

A physical infrastructure that allows different networks to interconnect and exchange traffic, enhancing network performance and efficiency.

Transit Agreement: A business arrangement where one ISP pays another ISP to carry its traffic over the Internet, usually for accessing networks that are not directly connected.

Autonomous System (AS): A collection of IP networks and routers under the control of a single organization that presents a common routing policy to the Internet.