Vertical transmission

Definition

Vertical transmission is the passing of a virus from parent to offspring, typically during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This mode of transmission is crucial for understanding how certain viral infections persist in populations over generations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vertical transmission can occur transplacentally, during delivery through contact with maternal blood or secretions, or postnatally via breastfeeding.
2. Viruses such as HIV, Zika virus, and Hepatitis B are known to be transmitted vertically.
3. Preventing vertical transmission often involves antiviral treatments for the mother during pregnancy and careful management of childbirth.
4. Vertical transmission poses a significant risk for congenital infections which can lead to long-term health issues in the offspring.
5. The rate of vertical transmission can be influenced by factors such as maternal viral load and the presence of preventive healthcare measures.

Review Questions

• What are the primary ways viruses are transmitted vertically from parent to offspring?
• Name at least two viruses that are known to be transmitted vertically.
• How can healthcare interventions reduce the risk of vertical transmission?

Related terms

Horizontal Transmission: The spread of an infectious agent between individuals other than parent to offspring.

Congenital Infection: An infection present at birth acquired via vertical transmission from the mother.

Maternal-Fetal Transmission: Another term for vertical transmission specifically highlighting the transfer from mother to fetus.