Tragedy of the commons

Definition

The tragedy of the commons is an economic problem where individuals use a shared resource in their own self-interest, depleting or degrading it, even though this is against the long-term best interests of the group. It often leads to overexploitation and loss of biodiversity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The tragedy of the commons was first described by ecologist Garrett Hardin in 1968.
2. Common examples include overfishing in oceans, deforestation, and air pollution.
3. It illustrates the conflict between individual incentives and collective well-being.
4. This concept is important in conservation biology for understanding human impacts on ecosystems.
5. Solutions to prevent this issue include regulation, privatization, and community management.

Review Questions

• Who first described the tragedy of the commons and when?
• Can you name three real-world examples that illustrate the tragedy of the commons?
• What are some proposed solutions to mitigate the effects of the tragedy of the commons?

Related terms

Overexploitation: The excessive use of species or resources at a rate faster than they can naturally recover.

Sustainable Development: Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources.

Ecosystem Services: Benefits provided by ecosystems that contribute to making human life both possible and worth living.