Synaptic vesicles

Definition

Synaptic vesicles are small, membrane-bound sacs located in the axon terminals of neurons. They store neurotransmitters that are released into the synaptic cleft to transmit signals to other neurons or target cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters through a process called exocytosis.
2. Calcium ions play a crucial role in triggering the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles.
3. Vesicle docking involves proteins like SNAREs that facilitate the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane.
4. Synaptic vesicle recycling is necessary to maintain efficient neuronal communication and involves endocytosis.
5. Malfunctions in synaptic vesicle release are associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy.

Review Questions

• What triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?
• Explain the role of calcium ions in synaptic transmission.
• How do SNARE proteins contribute to synaptic vesicle function?

Related terms

Neurotransmitter: Chemicals released by neurons to transmit signals across a synapse.

Exocytosis:

The process by which cells release substances contained within vesicles into the extracellular space.

Synapse:

The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell where signal transmission occurs.