Sympatric speciation

Definition

Sympatric speciation occurs when new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. This process often involves reproductive isolation mechanisms such as behavioral changes or genetic mutations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sympatric speciation can occur through mechanisms like polyploidy, particularly in plants.
2. Behavioral isolation, where differences in mating rituals prevent interbreeding, is a common driver of sympatric speciation.
3. Genetic divergence within a population can lead to sympatric speciation even without physical barriers.
4. Sympatric speciation contrasts with allopatric speciation, which involves geographic separation.
5. Examples include the cichlid fish in African lakes and apple maggot flies that adapted to different host plants.

Review Questions

• What are some mechanisms that can drive sympatric speciation?
• How does sympatric speciation differ from allopatric speciation?
• Can you provide an example of sympatric speciation from nature?

Related terms

Allopatric Speciation: The evolution of new species through geographic isolation of populations.

Polyploidy: A condition where an organism has extra sets of chromosomes, often leading to reproductive isolation and sympatric speciation in plants.

Reproductive Isolation: Mechanisms that prevent different species from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, crucial for maintaining distinct species identities.