Structural isomers

Definition

Structural isomers are molecules that share the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. This difference in structure can result in distinct physical and chemical properties.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Structural isomers have the same number of each type of atom but different arrangements.
2. They can significantly differ in their boiling points, melting points, and solubility.
3. Examples include n-butane and isobutane, which both have the formula C4H10.
4. Structural isomerism includes chain isomerism, positional isomerism, and functional group isomerism.
5. They are important in biological systems because different structures can lead to different biochemical activities.

Review Questions

• What defines structural isomers?
• Give an example of two structural isomers and explain how they differ.
• Why are structural isomers important in biological systems?

Related terms

Chain Isomerism: A form of structural isomerism where compounds differ by having different carbon chain arrangements

Positional Isomerism: Isomers where the position of a functional group differs within the molecule

Functional Group Isomerism: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups