Receptors

Definition

Cellular receptors are proteins located on the cell surface or within cells that bind to specific signaling molecules. This binding triggers a response in the cell, facilitating communication and regulation of various physiological processes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Receptors can be found on the cell membrane or inside the cytoplasm and nucleus.
2. There are different types of receptors, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channel receptors, and intracellular receptors.
3. Receptor specificity ensures that only certain signaling molecules can bind and trigger a cellular response.
4. The binding of hormones to their respective receptors initiates a signal transduction pathway that alters cellular activity.
5. Malfunctions in receptor function can lead to diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

Review Questions

• What are the main types of cellular receptors and where are they located?
• How does receptor specificity influence cellular communication?
• What role do receptors play in hormone action?

Related terms

Signal Transduction Pathway: A series of molecular events initiated by receptor-ligand binding that leads to a cellular response.

Ligand: A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR): A large family of cell surface receptors that activate internal signal transduction pathways through interaction with G-proteins.