Prolactin (PRL)

Definition

Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that primarily stimulates milk production after childbirth. It also plays a role in regulating the immune system and development of the mammary glands.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Prolactin levels increase during pregnancy and peak shortly after birth to initiate lactation.
2. The secretion of prolactin is regulated by dopamine, which inhibits prolactin release.
3. Prolactin receptors are found in various tissues including the mammary glands, liver, and immune cells.
4. Hyperprolactinemia, or elevated prolactin levels, can lead to menstrual disturbances and infertility in women.
5. Prolactin secretion follows a circadian rhythm, with higher levels occurring during sleep.

Review Questions

Related terms

Dopamine:

A neurotransmitter that inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary gland.

Anterior Pituitary Gland: The front portion of the pituitary gland that produces and secretes hormones like prolactin.

Lactation: The process of milk production in mammals, primarily stimulated by prolactin.