Population variation

Definition

Population variation refers to the differences in genetic and phenotypic traits among individuals within a population. These variations provide the raw material for evolution through mechanisms like natural selection and genetic drift.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Population variation is essential for the process of natural selection.
2. Genetic mutations, sexual reproduction, and gene flow contribute to population variation.
3. High genetic diversity within a population increases its ability to adapt to environmental changes.
4. Population bottlenecks can drastically reduce genetic variation.
5. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a state where allele frequencies remain constant, indicating no evolution in the population.

Review Questions

• What are the main sources of population variation?
• Why is genetic diversity important for a population's survival?
• How does Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium relate to population variation?

Related terms

Genetic Drift: Random changes in allele frequencies within a population over time.

Gene Flow: The transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.

Natural Selection: The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.