Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that consist of two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone. They are essential components of cell membranes, forming the lipid bilayer structure.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Phospholipids have hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails.
They form the basic structure of cell membranes, creating a semi-permeable barrier.
The amphipathic nature of phospholipids allows them to form micelles and liposomes in aqueous environments.
Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine are examples of common phospholipids found in biological membranes.
Phospholipid molecules can move laterally within the lipid bilayer, contributing to membrane fluidity.
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Related terms
Fatty Acids: One of the building blocks of lipids, consisting of long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end.
Lipid Bilayer: A double-layered structure formed by phospholipids in aqueous environments, fundamental to all cell membranes.
Amphipathic Molecules: Molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, crucial for forming cellular structures like micelles and bilayers.