One-child policy

Definition

The one-child policy was a population control measure implemented by China in 1980 to limit most families to a single child. It aimed to curb rapid population growth and its socio-economic impacts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The one-child policy officially began in 1980 and ended in 2015.
2. It significantly altered China's demographic structure, leading to an aging population.
3. The policy resulted in a gender imbalance due to a cultural preference for male children.
4. Penalties for non-compliance included fines, loss of employment, and forced abortions.
5. The policy's long-term effects include labor shortages and potential economic challenges.

Review Questions

• What year did China's one-child policy officially end?
• Name two significant demographic changes caused by the one-child policy.
• What were some penalties imposed for violating the one-child policy?

Related terms

Population Control: government policies designed to regulate the growth rate of a country's population

Demographic Transition: the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops economically

Gender Imbalance: disproportionate ratio of males to females in a population, often due to cultural or social practices