Oncolytic viruses

Definition

Oncolytic viruses are a type of virus that selectively infects and kills cancer cells while sparing normal tissues. They are used in cancer therapy to target and destroy malignant cells through direct oncolysis and by stimulating the immune response against tumors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Oncolytic viruses can be naturally occurring or genetically engineered to enhance their selectivity for cancer cells.
2. These viruses not only kill cancer cells directly but also stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells.
3. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an FDA-approved oncolytic virus used to treat melanoma.
4. The effectiveness of oncolytic viruses can be enhanced when combined with other treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy.
5. Researchers are exploring various types of oncolytic viruses including herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, and reovirus for their potential in treating different cancers.

Review Questions

Related terms

Immunotherapy: A treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight diseases such as cancer.

Gene Therapy: A technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or cure disease.

Virotherapy: The use of biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming them to treat diseases.