Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It focuses on their biology, ecology, pathology, and applications in various fields.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Microorganisms play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and symbiotic relationships.
The development of antibiotics and vaccines has its roots in microbiological research.
Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur are considered founding figures of microbiology.
Microbes can be both beneficial (e.g., gut flora) and harmful (e.g., pathogens causing diseases).
Techniques such as staining and culture methods are fundamental for studying microorganisms.
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Related terms
Bacteriology: The branch of microbiology focused specifically on the study of bacteria.
Virology: The subfield of microbiology that deals with viruses and viral diseases.
Pathogen: A microorganism that causes disease in its host.