Memory cell

Definition

Memory cells are a type of lymphocyte that remains in the body after an initial immune response to recognize and respond more rapidly to subsequent exposures of the same pathogen. They play a crucial role in the adaptive immune system's ability to remember and target specific antigens efficiently.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Memory cells can persist for years or even decades in the body, providing long-term immunity.
2. There are two main types of memory cells: memory B cells and memory T cells, each with distinct roles in the immune response.
3. Memory B cells produce antibodies upon re-exposure to their specific antigen, enhancing the speed and magnitude of the secondary immune response.
4. Memory T cells can be further categorized into central memory T cells (T_CM) and effector memory T cells (T_EM), which differ in their migration patterns and functions.
5. Vaccinations work by stimulating the formation of memory cells against specific pathogens without causing disease.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of memory cells within the adaptive immune system?
• How do memory B cells differ from memory T cells?
• Why are vaccinations effective in preventing diseases?

Related terms

Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system, including B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.

Antigen: A molecule or molecular structure that is recognized by an antibody or a receptor on a lymphocyte, triggering an immune response.

Vaccination: The administration of a vaccine to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a specific pathogen.