HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Definition

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), weakening the body's ability to fight infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HIV primarily targets and destroys CD4 cells, which are crucial for immune response.
2. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
3. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively manage HIV infection and prevent progression to AIDS.
4. HIV has a high mutation rate, which complicates vaccine development and treatment.
5. Early detection of HIV through testing is critical for effective management and reducing transmission.

Review Questions

Related terms

CD4 Cells: A type of white blood cell that plays a significant role in protecting the body from infection.

AIDS:

A disease caused by advanced HIV infection leading to severe immune system damage and susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Medications used to treat HIV that help reduce viral load and prevent progression to AIDS.