Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Genome mapping is the process of identifying the locations of genes and other significant features within an organism's genome. It involves creating a detailed map that serves as a reference for genetic research and biotechnological applications.
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Genome mapping can be divided into genetic mapping and physical mapping, each serving different purposes in genomics research.
Genetic maps use markers like short tandem repeats (STRs) or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate gene positions based on recombination frequencies.
Physical maps provide actual physical distances between genes or markers, often measured in base pairs, using techniques such as restriction mapping or sequencing.
The Human Genome Project was a landmark initiative that created a comprehensive genome map for humans, providing invaluable data for medical and biological research.
Genome maps are essential tools in identifying disease-associated genes, facilitating the development of personalized medicine.
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Related terms
Genetic Mapping: A method that uses genetic markers to estimate the relative positions of genes on a chromosome based on recombination frequencies.
Physical Mapping: A technique that determines the actual physical distance between genes or genetic markers on a chromosome using methods like restriction enzyme analysis.
An international scientific research project aimed at determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA and identifying all human genes.