Genetic structure refers to the distribution of genetic variation within and between populations. It includes the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes influenced by evolutionary processes.
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Genetic structure is shaped by migration, mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection.
Gene flow between populations can reduce genetic differentiation.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a population's genetic structure that remains constant in the absence of evolutionary forces.
Population bottlenecks and founder effects can significantly alter genetic structure by reducing genetic diversity.
F-statistics (e.g., F_ST) measure the degree of genetic differentiation among populations.
Review Questions
What factors influence the genetic structure of a population?
How does gene flow affect the genetic differentiation between populations?
What is the significance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in understanding genetic structure?
Related terms
Gene Flow: The transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.
Genetic Drift: Random changes in allele frequencies that occur in small populations.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: A principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant in the absence of evolutionary influences.