Genetic marker

Definition

A genetic marker is a specific DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species. It is often used in molecular biology and genetics for mapping genomes and tracking inheritance patterns.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genetic markers can be segments of DNA with variable lengths, such as microsatellites or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
2. They are crucial tools in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genes associated with diseases.
3. Markers are used to create linkage maps, which help in locating genes related to specific traits.
4. Genetic markers facilitate the study of genetic diversity within populations.
5. Molecular techniques like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and sequencing are commonly employed to detect genetic markers.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of a genetic marker?
• How are genetic markers utilized in genome-wide association studies (GWAS)?
• What molecular techniques are commonly used to detect genetic markers?

Related terms

Linkage Map: A diagram that shows the relative positions of genes on a chromosome based on the frequency of recombination.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP): A variation at a single position in a DNA sequence among individuals.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A technique used to amplify small segments of DNA for analysis.