Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge. It utilizes an electric field to move the molecules through a gel matrix.
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DNA fragments are negatively charged and move towards the positive electrode during gel electrophoresis.
Smaller DNA fragments move faster and travel further through the gel than larger ones.
Agarose gels are commonly used for separating DNA, while polyacrylamide gels are often used for proteins.
Ethidium bromide or other stains are typically used to visualize separated DNA fragments under UV light.
Gel electrophoresis can be used in various applications such as DNA fingerprinting, paternity testing, and analyzing PCR products.
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Related terms
DNA Sequencing: A process used to determine the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): A technique used to amplify specific segments of DNA.
Restriction Enzymes: Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, producing fragments that can be separated by gel electrophoresis.