Extracellular matrix

Definition

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and polysaccharides secreted by cells into their external environment. It provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells in tissues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The main components of the ECM are collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, and proteoglycans.
2. ECM plays a critical role in cell adhesion, communication, and differentiation.
3. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that can degrade ECM components during tissue remodeling and repair.
4. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-ECM adhesion.
5. The ECM composition varies significantly between different types of tissues.

Review Questions

• What are the primary components of the extracellular matrix?
• How does the ECM contribute to cellular activities such as adhesion and communication?
• Which enzymes are responsible for degrading ECM components?

Related terms

Collagen: A major structural protein in the ECM that provides tensile strength.

Integrins:

Transmembrane receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and its surroundings, including the ECM.

Fibronectin:

A glycoprotein in the ECM involved in cell adhesion and wound healing.