Erythropoietin (EPO)

Definition

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in tissues. It stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow to increase oxygen transport capacity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. EPO is mainly produced by cells in the kidneys called peritubular fibroblasts.
2. The secretion of EPO is triggered by hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, in the body's tissues.
3. EPO acts on erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production.
4. Synthetic EPO is used clinically to treat anemia, especially in chronic kidney disease patients.
5. Athletes have been known to misuse synthetic EPO for its performance-enhancing effects, which is banned in competitive sports.

Review Questions

Related terms

Hypoxia:

A condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues.

Anemia: A condition characterized by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue and weakness.

Bone Marrow: The soft tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced.