Electrolyte

Definition

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, conducting electricity. They play a crucial role in maintaining osmotic balance and proper cell function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Electrolytes include ions such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl-).
2. They are essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
3. Electrolyte balance is vital for regulating blood pressure and volume.
4. Kidneys play a key role in maintaining electrolyte homeostasis through filtration and reabsorption processes.
5. Imbalances in electrolytes can lead to disorders like dehydration, hyponatremia, or hyperkalemia.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of electrolytes in biological systems?
• How do kidneys contribute to the regulation of electrolyte balance?
• Name at least three common electrolytes found in the human body.

Related terms

Osmoregulation: The process by which organisms regulate the water and electrolyte balance within their bodies to maintain homeostasis.

Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Nephron: The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.