Convergent evolution

Definition

Convergent evolution is the process where unrelated species develop similar traits independently, often due to similar environmental pressures or ecological functions. It results in analogous structures that serve similar purposes but do not share a common ancestry.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Convergent evolution leads to analogous structures, which have similar functions but different evolutionary origins.
2. Examples of convergent evolution include the wings of bats and birds, and the streamlined bodies of dolphins and sharks.
3. It occurs when species occupy similar niches or environments that exert comparable selective pressures.
4. Convergent evolution contrasts with divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits.
5. This phenomenon illustrates how natural selection can shape different organisms in similar ways.

Review Questions

• What is the main difference between convergent and divergent evolution?
• Give two examples of analogous structures resulting from convergent evolution.
• How does convergent evolution provide evidence for natural selection?

Related terms

Analogous Structures: Traits that serve similar functions in different species but do not share a common ancestral origin.

Divergent Evolution: The process by which related species evolve different traits, leading to increased diversity.

Homologous Structures: Traits shared by species with a common ancestor that may have different functions.