Chromosome inversion

Definition

A chromosome inversion occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off, flips around, and reattaches in the reverse direction. This can disrupt gene function and lead to genetic disorders.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chromosome inversions can be pericentric (including the centromere) or paracentric (excluding the centromere).
2. Inversions can affect gene expression by altering regulatory elements or disrupting coding sequences.
3. Heterozygous inversions can cause problems during meiosis due to improper pairing of homologous chromosomes.
4. Inversions are often detected using cytogenetic techniques such as karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
5. Inverted chromosomes may contribute to evolutionary changes by preventing recombination in certain regions.

Review Questions

• What is the difference between pericentric and paracentric inversions?
• How can a chromosome inversion affect gene function?
• What methods are commonly used to detect chromosome inversions?

Related terms

Deletion: A type of chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is missing or deleted.

Duplication: A chromosomal abnormality where a segment of the chromosome is copied and inserted into another part of the genome.

Translocation: A chromosomal rearrangement involving the exchange of segments between non-homologous chromosomes.