Chemical synapses

Definition

Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as muscles or glands. They use neurotransmitters to transmit signals across a synaptic cleft.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chemical synapses involve the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.
2. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, triggering a response in the postsynaptic cell.
3. The process of neurotransmitter release is initiated by an action potential reaching the axon terminal.
4. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters merge with the presynaptic membrane in a process called exocytosis.
5. Chemical synapses can be excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor involved.

Related terms

Neurotransmitter: A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

Synaptic Cleft: The small gap between neurons at a chemical synapse where neurotransmitters are released.

Postsynaptic Receptor: A protein located on the cell membrane of the postsynaptic neuron that binds to neurotransmitters.