Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including joints, ear, nose, and respiratory tract. It provides structure and cushioning to these areas without being as hard or rigid as bone.
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Cartilage is made up of cells called chondrocytes which are embedded in a matrix composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans.
There are three types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage, each with distinct functions and locations.
Cartilage lacks blood vessels; nutrients diffuse through the matrix to reach chondrocytes.
Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type and provides support with some flexibility; it is found in the rib cage, nose, trachea, and at the ends of long bones.
Elastic cartilage contains more elastin fibers making it more flexible; it is found in structures like the external ear and epiglottis.
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Related terms
Chondrocyte: A cell that produces and maintains the cartilaginous matrix in cartilage.
Collagen: A structural protein that forms strong fibers within connective tissues including cartilage.
Proteoglycan: A compound consisting of a protein bonded to glycosaminoglycan groups present in connective tissue such as cartilage.