Bicarbonate buffer system

Definition

Bicarbonate buffer system is a primary chemical buffer in the blood that helps maintain pH balance. It involves the equilibrium between bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) to stabilize pH in bodily fluids.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The bicarbonate buffer system maintains blood pH around 7.4.
2. It involves a reversible reaction where CO2 and water form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
3. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and water to carbonic acid.
4. Excess H+ ions are neutralized by bicarbonate, forming carbonic acid which decomposes into CO2 and water, both expelled via respiration.
5. Disruptions in this system can lead to acidosis or alkalosis, highlighting its importance in homeostasis.

Review Questions

• How does the bicarbonate buffer system help maintain blood pH?
• What role does the enzyme carbonic anhydrase play in the bicarbonate buffer system?
• What can happen if there is a disruption in the bicarbonate buffer system?

Related terms

Carbonic Anhydrase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and water to carbonic acid.

Acidosis: A condition characterized by an excessively acidic condition of the body fluids or tissues.

Alkalosis: A condition characterized by excessively alkaline conditions in body fluids or tissues.