Beta cells

Definition

Beta cells are specialized cells located in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. They play a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Beta cells produce and release insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels.
2. They make up about 65-80% of the cells in the islets of Langerhans.
3. Malfunction or destruction of beta cells can lead to diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 1 diabetes.
4. Beta cells also synthesize C-peptide, which is released into the bloodstream along with insulin.
5. Calcium ion influx into beta cells triggers the release of insulin.

Review Questions

• What hormone do beta cells secrete to regulate blood glucose levels?
• Where are beta cells located within the pancreas?
• How does the malfunction of beta cells contribute to Type 1 diabetes?

Related terms

Insulin:

A hormone produced by beta cells that lowers blood glucose levels.

Islets of Langerhans: Clusters of pancreatic cells that contain alpha, beta, delta, and F (PP) cells.

Glucagon: A hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels.