Base

Definition

A base is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) or release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Bases have a pH greater than 7 and neutralize acids by forming water and salts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bases turn red litmus paper blue, indicating their basic nature.
2. The strength of a base is determined by its ability to dissociate in water, with strong bases completely ionizing.
3. Common examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3).
4. Bases play a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of biological systems, such as human blood which has a slightly basic pH around 7.4.
5. Alkalosis is a condition caused by an excess of base in the body fluids.

Review Questions

• What color does red litmus paper turn when exposed to a base?
• Name two common examples of bases.
• How do bases affect the pH levels in biological systems?

Related terms

Acid: A substance that donates hydrogen ions (protons) or accepts electrons, typically having a pH less than 7.

pH Scale: A measure of how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral.

Neutralization Reaction: A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and salt.