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Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots in woody plants. It protects the plant from physical damage and pathogens while also aiding in nutrient transport.
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Xylem: The vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
Cambium: A layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem that contributes to secondary growth.
Periderm: A protective tissue that replaces epidermis during secondary growth in stems and roots.