Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Definition

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is called a 'spectrum' because symptoms and severity can vary widely.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ASD affects the development of the nervous system, impacting brain function related to social interactions and communication.
2. The exact cause of ASD is unknown, but it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that influence early brain development.
3. Common signs of ASD include delayed speech development, difficulty in understanding social cues, and repetitive movements or behaviors.
4. Diagnosis of ASD typically involves behavioral assessments and developmental screenings conducted by healthcare professionals.
5. There is no cure for ASD, but early intervention with therapies such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral interventions can improve outcomes.

Review Questions

• What are the primary characteristics that define Autism Spectrum Disorder?
• How does ASD affect the nervous system's development?
• What types of therapies are commonly used to support individuals with ASD?

Related terms

Neurodevelopmental disorders: Disorders that affect the development of the nervous system leading to abnormal brain function.

Genetic predisposition: The increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on an individual's genetic makeup.

Behavioral therapy: A type of therapy that focuses on changing harmful behaviors through reinforcement strategies.