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🔬general biology i review

key term - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Citation:

Definition

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with functioning or development. ADHD affects both children and adults and often coexists with other disorders, influencing various aspects of daily life, including academic performance, social interactions, and emotional well-being.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. ADHD is estimated to affect about 5% of children globally, with symptoms often continuing into adulthood.
  2. Symptoms of ADHD are categorized into two main types: inattention (difficulty sustaining focus) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (excessive movement and acting without thinking).
  3. Genetics plays a significant role in the development of ADHD, with studies suggesting that it can run in families.
  4. Environmental factors such as prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke, lead exposure, and premature birth have been associated with an increased risk of developing ADHD.
  5. Treatment for ADHD often includes a combination of behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and medication to help manage symptoms effectively.

Review Questions

  • How do the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder manifest differently in children compared to adults?
    • In children, ADHD symptoms often present as high levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity, making it difficult for them to sit still or wait their turn. In contrast, adults may exhibit more internalized symptoms like chronic disorganization or difficulty maintaining attention on tasks without the overt hyperactive behavior seen in children. Both groups may struggle with time management and follow-through on responsibilities, but adults might also experience challenges in relationships due to their symptoms.
  • Discuss the implications of co-occurring disorders in individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    • Co-occurring disorders are common among individuals with ADHD and can complicate the treatment process. For instance, many people with ADHD also struggle with anxiety or depression, which can exacerbate their attention difficulties or impulsive behaviors. Recognizing these co-occurring conditions is crucial for developing effective treatment plans that address all aspects of a person's mental health and improve overall functioning.
  • Evaluate the impact of environmental factors on the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and how this knowledge could influence prevention strategies.
    • Research suggests that environmental factors such as prenatal exposure to toxins or stressful conditions can increase the risk of developing ADHD. Understanding these connections allows for the implementation of preventive strategies aimed at reducing exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy and promoting healthy developmental environments for children. By addressing these risk factors early on, it may be possible to lower the incidence of ADHD and support better outcomes for at-risk populations.

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