Atherosclerosis

Definition

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow and can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Atherosclerosis often begins with damage to the endothelium, the inner lining of an artery.
2. Plaques formed in atherosclerosis consist mainly of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other cellular waste products.
3. The condition can affect any artery in the body but is most commonly seen in coronary arteries, leading to coronary artery disease.
4. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol levels.
5. Complications of atherosclerosis may include heart attack, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.

Review Questions

• What are the primary components found in atherosclerotic plaques?
• Which part of the artery is initially damaged in atherosclerosis?
• Name two major complications that can arise from atherosclerosis.

Related terms

Endothelium:

The thin layer of cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels.

Coronary Artery Disease: A condition caused by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup.

Peripheral Artery Disease: A circulatory condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to limbs.