Anterior pituitary

Definition

The anterior pituitary is the front portion of the pituitary gland, responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various physiological processes. It plays a key role in growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions through its hormone secretions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The anterior pituitary releases six major hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
2. It is regulated by the hypothalamus through releasing and inhibiting hormones transported via the hypophyseal portal system.
3. Growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates body growth and regulates metabolism.
4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) promotes thyroid gland activity, influencing metabolic rate and protein synthesis.
5. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, which helps manage stress responses.

Review Questions

• Which six major hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
• How does the hypothalamus regulate the anterior pituitary?
• What are the primary functions of growth hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

Related terms

Hypothalamus:

A region of the brain that controls an array of bodily functions and regulates the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Posterior Pituitary: The back portion of the pituitary gland that stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin produced by the hypothalamus.

Endocrine Glands: Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions.